Justice in Platos The Republic Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

Justice in Platos Republic In Platos The Republic, he unravels the definition of justice. Plato believed that a ruler could not be wholly just unless 1 was in a society that was also just. Plato did not believe in democracy, because it was democracy that killed Socrates, his beloved teacher who was a just man and a philosopher. He believed in Guardians, or philosophers/rulers that ruled the express. One must examine what it means for a state to be just and what it means for a person to be just to truly understand the meaning of justice. According to Socrates, if we first tried to observe justice in some larger thing that possessed it, this would claim it easier to observe in a single individual. We agreed that this larger thing is a city(Plato 96). It is evident, therefore, that the state and the ruler described in The Republic by Plato are clearly parallel to one another. There are three classes in the state and three parts of the mind in the ruler. The three classes of the state are the rulers, the soldiers, and the craftsmen. The three parts of the mind are the rational or reason part, the irrational appetitive part, and the spirited part. The rational corresponds to the rulers, the appetitive corresponds to the craftsmen, and the spirited corresponds to the soldiers. Socrates past explains how the four virtues, wisdom, courage, moderation/self-control, and justice play the same roles in a person as in a state. The rational part of the ruler is bright and therefore it should rule over the other parts of the mind. Socrates questions, isnt it appropriate for the rational part to rule, since it is really wise and exercises foresight on behalf of the whole reason(Plato 98). In th... ...l war between the three parts, a meddling and doing of anothers work, a rebellion by some part against the whole someone in order to rule it inappropriately (Plato 100). Platos ideal ruler must have a good mind, always be truthful, have association and discipline, and not be afraid of death. In short, the ruler is a philosopher that satisfies the four virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation/self-control, and justice. Plato, nonetheless neglects the fact that everyone sins and fails to mention it in the ideal state or ruler. However, the state and ruler was made up mainly to better understand the meaning of justice and was not made up so that it might be practiced. Works Cited Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T. IH 51 Source Book Plato, The Republic, pp. 77-106. Kendall/HuntPublishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.

Television and Media - Censorship of TV Violence Not Necessary Essay

Censorship of TV Violence Not Necessary Censorship of televised media often begins as a result of the precaution many adults show over what their children watch. Children begin watching television at an early age, and they ar usually lifetime viewers by the time they are two to three years old. There is usually a steady increase in the amount of television watched during a persons childhood. This is followed by a lower during adolescence. What is more of a concern to the American people, however, is the amount of strength depicted on the television screen. The addition of cable TV also adds a entirely new dimension to the problem. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes, less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to find anything wrong with it ( Comstock 521). A study by George Gerbner, Ph.D., at the University of Pennsylvania, enlightens this subject. His research shows that TV programs made for children typically contain over 20 acts of violence per hour. Children who watch the violent shows, even just funny cartoons, were more likely to hit out at their playmates, construct do, disobey class rules, leave tasks unfinished, and were less will to wait for things than those who watched the nonviolent programs, says Aletha Huston, Ph.D., now at the University of Kansas. Even though many studies have been conducted on the effects of TV violence on youngsters many scientists disbelieve that a connection exists between these two topics. Most simply say that there is just not enough evidence available to make a definite conclusion. In the end it is up to the parents of children to make the ultimate decision of what should or should not be watched. There are several things parents ... ...rograms of historical significance, much(prenominal) as Schindlers List, further lessons its value. Overall it can be said that violence is indeed prevalent on television in todays society. Some may argue that this violence is harmful to our children and must be ended, while others view the media as a form of free speech. Either way it is up to the individual to make the decision on whether a program should or should not be watched. The TV can simple be turned off or the argumentation changed if the program is not to a persons liking. The government should not have to do this regulation for us. Works Cited Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial deportment A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21 (4), 516-546. Palmer, E.L. (1988). Television and Americas children A crisis of neglect. New York Oxford University Press.

Hollowness in Emily Dickinson’s Poetic Discourse Essay example -- Biog

Hollowness in Emily Dickinsons Poetic Discourse more has been said about Emily Dickinsons mystifying poetry and private biography, especially during the years 1860-63. Allegedly it was during these years that the poetess, at the most prolific phase of her career, withdrew from society, began to hold her characteristic white dress and suffered a series of psychotic episodes. Dickinson tended to theatricalize herself by speaking through a host of personae in her poems and by fictionalizing her inner life as a gothic romance (Gilbert 584). Believing that a poem is the best words in the best order (to quote S.T. Coleridge) and that all the poems stemming from a single consciousness bring to surface different aspects / manifestations of the same personal mythology, I will firstly disregard biographical details in my definition of Dickinsons poems 378, 341 and 280 and secondly place them in a sort of continuum (starting with 378 and ending with 280) to show how they attempt to des cribe a plunge into the Unconscious and a occur into madness (I refrain from using the term journey, for it implies a telos, a goal which, whether unattainable or not, is something non-existent in the poems in question). Faced with the problem of articulating and concretizing inner psychological states, Dickinson created a totally new poetic discourse which lacks a transcendental signified and thus can dramatize the three stages of a (narrated) mental come apart existential despair, withdrawal from the world of the senses and death of consciousness. In poem 378 the reader is introduced to the mental world of a speaker whose relentless questioning of metaphysical truths has guide her to a state of complete faithlessness l... ...sons Poetry Stairway of Surprise. current York Holt, 1960.Eberwein, Jane Donahue. Dickinson Strategies of Limitation. Amherst U of Massachusetts P, 1985.Feit Diehl, Joanne. Ransom in a Voice lyric as Defense in Dickinsons Poetry. Feminist Critics in dicate Emily Dickinson. Ed. Suzanne Juhasz. Bloomington Indiana UP, 1983. 156-75. Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic The Woman Writer and the 19th Century Literary Imagination. New Haven Yale UP, 1979. Homans, Margaret. Oh, Vision of Language Dickinsons Poems of Love and Death. Feminist Critics Read Emily Dickinson. Ed. Suzanne Juhasz. Bloomington Indiana UP, 1983. 114-33. Miller, Cristanne. How Low Feet Stagger Disruptions of Language in Dickinsons Poetry. Feminist Critics Read Emily Dickinson. Ed. Suzanne Juhasz. Bloomington Indiana UP, 1983. 134-55.

Inhalants :: essays research papers

SLANG TERMS Laughing gas rush whippets poppers snappers Inhalants argon breathable chemicals that produce mind-altering vapors. mass do not think of inhalants as drugs because most of the products were never meant to be used that way. Inhalants are ingested by "sniffing" or snorting ( finished the nose), "bagging" (inhaling fumes from a plastic bag), or huffing (stuffing an inhalant soaked rag into the let the cat out of the bag). IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Nearly all inhalants produce effects similar to anesthetics, which act to delay down body functions, yet the user feels stimulated. Other effects may include Nausea loss of appetite bad breath double tidy sum runny or bloody nose lack of coordination feeling and looking tired eye irritation sneezing, coughing vomiting, diarrhea headache chest throe ringing in ears erratic heart beat LONG-TERM EFFECTS Hand tremors less concern about appearance sores/rash around mouth and nose fatigue, muscle fatigue weight loss electro lyte (salt) imbalance cardiac arrest permanent constipation to nervous system brain, liver, kidney, blood, and bone marrow damage impaired respiratory system impaired coordination and intelligence death by asphyxiation/suffocation EFFECTS ON PERSONALITY Psychological effects fall out rapidly because the substance travels directly to the brain after passing through the lungs and the left side of the heart. Other effects are Anxiety, irritability or biliousness poor memory, confusion moody, restless activity lack of concentration aggressive behavior FOUR CLASSES OF INHALANTS There are about 1400 products potentially usable as inhalants. Volatile solvents gasoline, paint thinners, glue, cleaning solutions, etc. Aerosols spray paints, etc. Anesthetic agents chloroform, ether, oils and greases dissolves. Amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrites such as room fresheners. INHALANTS AND PREGNANCY The substances in solvents can pass through the placental barrier and enter the fetal bloodstream. However, except for evidence of birth defects among petrol inhalers, the evidence that use of other inhalants or solvents can damage the foetus is inconclusive. All drugs have some effects on the unborn child including chromosomal and fetal damage EXTENT OF USE Young people (ages 7-17) are more likely to use inhalants because they are available and inexpensive. Inhalants rank fourth in popularity behind alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among young people.

Chechnya and its People Essay examples -- War Europe Essays

Chechnya and its PeopleThe ongoing civil war between the semi-autonomous republic of Chechnya and Russia has dramatically caught the attention of the world a world that perceives the conflict primarily by dint of the distorted lens of Russian propaganda, and the contradicting images of Chechen suffering on the independent media. If the West seems impartial or even indifferent to the Chechen conflict, it is because there is small(a) understanding of this people, of their struggle, or of the vast complexities of the greater North Caucasian region in which the Chechens are a part. This lack of understanding extends to the hazy Western scholarship of the role of Islam in Chechen society. The broad generalizations that have been made by those in the media, by aid organizations, by the Russians, by Islamic groups, and by those in the American government are all politicized oversimplifications which seek to bring the core of the conflict to its lowest common denominator. Many of the cla ims revolve around Islam yet, few pose to take into account the greater character of Chechen society, or of the broader historical scope of change that Islam has followed in Chechnya. Often, Islam has changed in response to a Russian stimulus, merely many of the Russian actions and reasons in this conflict are well documented. This study aims to analyze the Chechen role in the civil war and the role of Islam in Chechnya as opposed to the Russian role, which has been analyzed many times over. The North Caucasus It is difficult for Englishmen to take an intelligent interest in the internal affairs of Russia, owe to the vast number of problems involved, all of which depend upon varying local circumstances, and because comparatively few of us, ev... ...i International Magazine. 16 Oct. 2003 18. Menon, Rajan. After Empire Russia and the Southern Near Abroad. The rising Russian Foreign Policy. Ed. Micheal Mandelbaum. New York Council on Foreign Relations, 1998. 100-16719. Chechnya Tombstone of Russian Power 20. Islam in Chechnya. 13 March 1998 Univ. of California, Berkeley. 15 Oct. 2003 21. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London netherworld Press, 2002.22. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin23. Russia Islamic Countries Unlikely to Help Chechnya. 19 Nov. 1999 Radio Free Europe, 19 Oct. 2003 24. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London Pluto Press, 2002.

Chechnya and its People Essay examples -- War Europe Essays

Chechnya and its PeopleThe ongoing civil war between the semi-autonomous republic of Chechnya and Russia has dramatically caught the attention of the world a world that perceives the conflict primarily through the distorted lens of Russian propaganda, and the contradicting images of Chechen suffering on the independent media. If the West seems impartial or yet indifferent to the Chechen conflict, it is because there is little understanding of this people, of their struggle, or of the vast complexities of the greater North Caucasian region in which the Chechens are a part. This wish of understanding extends to the hazy Western perception of the role of Islam in Chechen society. The broad generalizations that have been made by those in the media, by aid organizations, by the Russians, by Islamic groups, and by those in the American government are all politicized oversimplifications which seek to bring the core of the conflict to its lowest common denominator. many another(prenomina l) of the claims revolve around Islam yet, few bother to take into account the greater character of Chechen society, or of the broader historical scope of change that Islam has followed in Chechnya. Often, Islam has changed in response to a Russian stimulus, but many of the Russian actions and reasons in this conflict are well documented. This study aims to analyze the Chechen role in the civil war and the role of Islam in Chechnya as opposed to the Russian role, which has been analyzed many times over. The North Caucasus It is difficult for Englishmen to take an intelligent involvement in the internal affairs of Russia, owing to the vast number of problems involved, all of which depend upon varying local circumstances, and because comparatively few of us, ev... ...i International Magazine. 16 Oct. 2003 18. Menon, Rajan. by and by Empire Russia and the Southern Near Abroad. The New Russian Foreign Policy. Ed. Micheal Mandelbaum. New York Council on Foreign Relations, 1998. 100- 16719. Chechnya Tombstone of Russian Power 20. Islam in Chechnya. 13 borderland 1998 Univ. of California, Berkeley. 15 Oct. 2003 21. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London netherworld Press, 2002.22. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin23. Russia Islamic Countries Unlikely to Help Chechnya. 19 Nov. 1999 Radio Free Europe, 19 Oct. 2003 24. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London Pluto Press, 2002.

Feminist Anthropology

IntroductionIn the center of the nineteenth century the opening of feminist anthropology emerged as a reaction to a perceived androcentric harm within the field of operation of anthropology ( Lamphere 1996 488 ) .Symbolic anthropology, on the other manus, emerged during the twentieth century and formed in response to the dissatisfaction with the theory of structural linguistics that was grounded in linguistics and semiologies ( Des Chene 19961275 ) . The purpose of this paper is to analyze the similarities and differences in the midst of the theories of feminist anthropology and exemplary anthropology in order to better understand the impact some(prenominal) motions had on the social scientific disciplines. Both of these theories, although seemingly uncorrelated, portion a assortment of similarities that be at the nucleus of the paradigm displacement in anthropology that continues today. Further, an scrutiny of some of the primal figures in anthropology who influenced the outgrowth of these theoretical tendencies, will moreover clarify the principle for their conk outment.OrAdditionally, an scrutiny of some of the carmine figures in anthropology who influenced these paradigm s will further light these theories importance. Although this paper can non supply a complete analysis of what differs and remains the same between feminist and symbolic anthropology, we can operate a better apprehension of the two theoretical schools of idea and the impact they had on the field of anthropology and societal scientific discipline as a whole. Howalways, before analyze and contrasting the theories, it is vital to transport a basic apprehension of what individually theory entails.Basic Dogmas of feminist AnthropologyIn the history of anthropology, three incompatible pitiable ridges of feminist anthropology occurred with varying focal directs ( Gellner and Stockett, 2006 ) . These opposite moving ridges did non to the full occur in chronological order a nd there be convergences with some of the theories of individually hitherto relevant today.The first moving ridge occurred between 1850 and 1920, and had the primary end of including vainglorious females s voices into descriptive anthropology. At the clip, there was really small ethnographical informations refering adult females, and the informations that did be was mostly the studies of male sources talking for adult females and analyzed through male ethnographers ( pine 1996 253 ) . The focal point of the second moving ridge, which occurred between 1920 and 1980 was an effort to divide the impressions of sex and gender. Until this point, the footings had been used interchangeably and the word Gender referred to some(prenominal) the realises of male and female, the cultural building that created these two classs and the relationship between them. ( Pine 1996253 ) . This was debatable since the definition of gender varies from civilization to civilization and can take to f alse apprehensions and the creative activity of cultural false beliefs in the field of anthropology. Further, during the second moving ridge, feminist anthropologists pushed for a rejection of the bing dualities between work forces and adult females that were present in Western civilization, such as the thought that work forces should work plot adult females stayed at place. During the 2nd moving ridge, mercenary research into the thoughts of societal dealingss almost adult females, reproduction and their productive capablenesss in the work force became popular, especially how these factors related to other societal factors such as societal category.Therefore, in the 2nd moving ridge, feminist anthropologists argued for a move off from the wide generalisations that had plagued the field of anthropology for coevalss ( Lamphere 1996488 ) .This is linked to the genius focal point put-forth by the interpretivist motion in anthropology during the 1950s. However, it differs because it ask outs connexions between adult females irrespective of what civilization they belong to. Contemporary womens rightist anthropologists make up the 3rd moving ridge of feminist anthropology, which started in the 1980s and continues throughout the new millenary. Feminist anthropologists of today, ar no longer entirely center on the gender dissymmetry but instead focal point on the differences that exist between classs such as category, race and ethnicity ( Geller and Stockett, 2006 ) . This modern-day focal point therefore examines the differences that exist between adult females with differing societal backgrounds, instead than concentrating on the difference between males and females ( McGee, Warms 1996 392 ) . Contemporary womens rightist anthropology besides examines how these sundry(a) societal factors interact, particularly in the context of power, which is frequently used as the chief method of analysis. However, this method has resulted in a extremely disconnected the oretical attack, which uses combined pieces of motley theories ( Geller and Stockett, 2006 ) .Cardinal Peoples in Feminist AnthropologyOne of the cardinal figures in the first moving ridge of feminist anthropology was Ruth Benedict ( 1887-1948 ) . Benedict was a educatee of Franz Boas, and nonpareil of the first female anthropologists, gaining her doctors degree from Columbia University in 1923 ( Buckner 1997 34 ) . Most of her work focused on Native Americans and other groups which led her to develop her configurational attack to civilization, which views cultural corpses as working to prefer certain personality types among different societies ( Buckner 1997 34 ) . Another cardinal figure who emerged in the 2nd moving ridge of feminist anthropology was Margaret Mead ( 1901-1978 ) another pupil of Franz Boas, who was friends with Ruth Benedict. Meads feminist work centered on the separating factors between sex and gender. Many of her theories were influenced by or borrowed fro m Gestalt psychological science, a subfield of psychological science which focused on analysing personality as an interconnected psychological form alternatively of a aggregation of unrelated elements ( McGee, Warms 1996202 ) Her work attempted to divide the biological factors from the cultural factors that influence human behaviour and personality development and helped to construct a model for the emerging overthrow of feminist anthropology. Additionally, her work analyzed the permeant sexual dissymmetry that existed in the ethnographic literature of anthropology during the clip. ( Levinson, Ember 1996488 ) .Basic Dogmas of Interpretive AnthropologyThe intent of symbolic anthropology is to analyze the different ways that pile understand their milieus, both bit good as the differing readings of those who act within them. Symbolic anthropologists hope that these readings can be combined to make a shared cultural body of significance, or shared apprehensions shared between membe rs of the same civilization. However, it is understood that non all members of a civilization will hold the exact same beliefs ( Des Chene 19961274 ) . One of the chief focal points of symbolic anthropology is the survey of symbols and the assorted ways that symbols are created and have their significances assigned to them. Symbolic anthropologists believe that scrutiny of these symbols and the procedures that create them ( such as myth and faith ) will light the cardinal inquiries of human societal life shared by each civilization ( Spencer 1996535 ) . Therefore, symbolic anthropologists view civilization as an independent system of intending that can be deciphered by construing cardinal symbols and rites that create it ( Spencer 1996535 ) . Overall, there are two cardinal premises in symbolic anthropology. The first of these premises provinces that the beliefs of a certain group of people, nevertheless unintelligible they may look, can ever be understood when they are examined as portion of an bing cultural system of significance ( Des Chene 19961274 ) . The 2nd premiss provinces that the actions of a unique(predicate) group of people are guided by the reading of these symbols. These two premises allows for symbolic anthropologists to use symbolism to construe both ideal and material activities of a specific group of people.Frequently, the focal point of symbolic anthropology will be on faith, cosmology, ritual activity, and expressive imposts such as mythology and the acting humanistic disciplines ( Des Chene 19961274 ) . However, symbolic anthropologists besides study other signifiers of societal organisation such as affinity and political organisation, which allows research workers to analyze the function that these symbols play in the mundane life of people from different civilizations. ( Des Chene 19961274 ) .Cardinal Peoples in Interpretive AnthropologyOverall, the field of symbolic anthropology can be divided into two major attacks, each associated w ith one of the cardinal figures of the theory. The first attack is associated with Clifford Geertz and the University of Chicago and the other with Victor W. Turner at Cornell University. Geertz s place illustrates the interpretative attack to symbolic anthropology, spot Turner s illustrates the symbolic attack. Clifford Geertz ( 1926-2006 ) studied at Harvard University in the 1950s and was strongly influenced by the Hagiographas of philosophers such as Langer, Ryle, and Weber. ( Handler 1991 Tongs 1993 ) Geertz was influenced mostly by the sociologist Max Weber, finally utilizing different facets of their thought as cardinal elements in his theory of interpretative anthropology, and was more interested in the operations of civilization than the assorted ways that symbols interact within the societal procedure. In his digest of essays entitled The Interpretation of Cultures ( 1973c ) , Geertz argued that an analysis of civilization should non be an experi psychic scientifi c discipline in hunt of jurisprudence but an interpretative 1 in hunt of significance ( Geertz 1973d5 ) . Further, Geertz believed that civilization was a societal phenomenon and a shared system of intersubjective symbols and significances ( Parker 1985 ) .This can be seen in his ain definition of civilization, which was an historically familial form of significances embodied in symbols, a system of familial constructs expressed in symbolic signifiers by agencies of which work forces communicate, perpetuate, and develop their cognition about and their attitudes toward life ( Geertz 1973e89 ) . Geertz s symbolic anthropology focused on the different ways in which symbols operate within a specific civilization, particularly how persons see, experience, and think about the universe ( Ortner 1983129-131 ) . He believed that civilization is expressed through the external symbols utilized by society and is non merely stored inside the heads of members of that society. Geertz, argued that adult male utilized the symbolic as beginnings of light in order to point himself in his ain system of significance ( Geertz 1973a45 ) .Therefore, societies use their symbols to show their ain alone worldview, value-orientation, ethos, and other facets of their civilization ( Ortner 1983129 ) . Symbols could be seen as vehicles of culture who s intending should non be studied in and of themselves, but alternatively should be studied for what they can uncover about a peculiar civilization. Geertz argued that these cultural symbols shaped the ways that societal histrions see, experience, and think about the universe ( Ortner 1983129 ) . Victor Witter Turner ( 1920-1983 ) was the leader of the other subdivision of symbolic anthropology ( Turner 1980143 ) . Born in Scotland, Turner was influenced by the structural-functionalist attack of British societal anthropology that had been outstanding during the clip. In peculiar, Turner was influenced by Emile Durkheim, which shaped his version of symbolic anthropology to concentrate more on the operations of society and the ways in which different symbols operate within it. ( Ortner 1983128-129 ) . Turner, like old British anthropologists, was interested in look intoing whether symbols really functioned within the societal procedure the manner current symbolic anthropologists believed they did. Thus, Turner s attack to symbols was highly different than that of his modern-day, Clifford Geertz.Alternatively of being interested in symbols as vehicles of civilization as Geertz was, Turner believed that symbols functioned as operators in the societal procedure ( Ortner 1983131 ) and that the symbolic look of shared significances , non the attractive force of stuff involvements, prevarication at the centre of human relationships ( Maning 198420 ) . Turner believed that symbols sanction societal action and exercise determinable influences tending individuals and groups to action ( Turner 196736 ) and f elt that these operators, if placed in a certain agreement and context, would bring forth societal transmutations which both act to maintain the people in a society tied to the society s specific societal norms every bit good as decide societal struggle and assistance in altering the societal typeset of the histrions involved ( Ortner 1983131 ) .Theoretical SimilaritiesThere are several theoretical similarities between feminist and symbolic anthropology. Both Fieldss recognize the dynamic nature of societal systems. Like symbolic anthropology which views civilization in footings of symbols and mental footings, accounting for its transient and altering nature, 2nd wave feminist anthropologists rejected Durkheims impression of a inactive system composed of built-in dualities, and want to demo that the societal systems are dynamic.Further, both womens rightist and symbolic anthropology believe in actor-centric actions, intending that actions are non separate from societal histr ions but a portion of their societal model. ( Ortner 1983136 ) . Another cardinal similarity is the focal points shared by both womens rightist and symbolic anthropology. Focus on individuality and difference is a cardinal focal point of both feminist anthropology and symbolic anthropology. This means that there is a focal point on societal classs such as age, business, faith, position, and so on. Power is besides an of import constituent of analysis for feminist anthropology, since the building and passage of individuality occurs through discourses and actions that are structured by contexts of power ( Gellner and Stockett, 2006 ) . However, this besides fits in with Turner s analysis of symbols and societal action.Further, both theories challenge the construct of normality and catholicity that many old anthropological theories supported. The rejection of normality and world(a) truths, every bit good as the thought that anthropology must non merely analyze on a cultural degree, bu t besides on an single degree, is cardinal to symbolic anthropology. This thought is chiefly seen in feminist anthropology through the thought that male point of view differs well from the female point of view, and that both must be accounted for. The rejection of normality is farther seen in feminist anthropology through fagot theory, which is the most recent reaction against the impression of normalcy Queer theory challenges the construct of heteronormativity, or the premise that heterosexualism and the ensuing societal establishments are the normative socio-sexual constructions in all societies ( Gellner and Stockett, 2006 ) . The theory argues that gender is non a portion of the indispensable ego and is alternatively based upon the socially constructed nature of sexual Acts of the Apostless and individualities, which consist of many varied constituents ( Warner, 1993 Barry, 2002 ) . Therefore, like symbolic anthropology, feminist anthropology relies to a great issue on the con struct of cultural constructivism.Arguing different positionsDue to cultural growing and intervention of Man and Women.The most obvious similarity between the theories is that both were a response to old anthropological theories. The symbolic and interpretative theory was a reactions to structuralism that was grounded in linguistics and semiologies and pioneered by L? vi-Strauss ( Des Chene 19961275 ) . The subfield of Feminist Anthropology emerged as a reaction to a perceived androcentric prejudice within the subject ( Lamphere 1996 Additionally, another cardinal similarity between the theories is that they have non been discredited position in the modern societal scientific disciplines? ?Theoretical DifferencesOne of the chief differences between the two anthropological attacks is the catholicity found in feminist anthropology. Although the construct of catholicity is under scrutiny today, early womens rightist anthropologists believed that there was a cosmopolitan subordination o f adult females to work forces, in all civilizations around the Earth. Therefore, one of the chief constituents of feminist anthropology was to seek for cosmopolitan accounts for female subordination and gender inequality. However, the thought that all adult females suffer the same subjugation merely because they are adult females does non suit within the symbolic and interpretivist model. Symbolic anthropologists argue that these historically specific Western premises about the societal differences between work forces and adult females can non be decently applied to non-Western societies ( Spencer 1996538 ) . Another of import difference between feminist and symbolic anthropology is that feminist anthropology chiefly focuses on the constructs of gender and gender, tour symbolic anthropology examines all societal facets.Varies from civilization to civilizationMuslim adult females viewed as opressed, but they view forced sexualization as opressionDecision

Psychosocial Impact of Television on Children Essay

Television was once considered a luxury item, however, today is just a commodity. Even low income households fork up virtuoso television set, not nevertheless for entertainment but to keep in touch with the happenings around the origination. Television, like any other technological advancement, bought with it negatives and positives to the society. It was once only used as a medium of news and light entertainment, mostly by the elders of a household. Now though it has expanded its purpose and is now usu solelyy used for various purposes by all age groups.As mentioned in earlier conclusions, television itself is not a harmful device previous studies adopt shown that its own effects are neither positive nor negative. However, it is the programmes that are aired that effect the society especially on the physical and psychological well-being of the younger generations. Research papers, different forms of studies and articles have found the effects of television both, harmful and u seful, on the development of a child. Even the primary research done finished qualitative method of inter reckon proved that television has no connection between the style and attention of parents.Instead the parents remained intact with the activities of their children regardless of their television watching habits. This treatment highlights various positives and negatives of television usage by the children. Krosnick, Anand and Hartl (2003) have identified three psychosocial predictors of viewing television. The first one they say is the need satisfaction, which occurs due to lack in the ability to socially interacting with peers, over intelligence, and to avoid parental punishment.Parental influence was nominated as the second one where absence of parental guidance and rules need to increase in watching television. The last one was re acknowledgment availability where it was found that it has no link with the overall income of the household. Gupta, Saini, Acharya and Miglani ( 1994) have identified almost all positives and negatives within two paragraphs of their research paper. They define the most positive effects of television watching as an aid to the development of cognitive ability, a source of information, knowledge and skill development.They mention that it also generates the desire of learning and imparts general awareness. It buns also have a positive effect on the attitudes and behavior of the child while advancing constructual and concrete thinking. They then highlight the negatives as the excuse to let go of reading, playing, exercising, and studying thus cock-a-hoop rise to a passive behavior. When children continue watching television their social interaction may decline and their eating habits can also be harmed.A pre-TV introduction (age 3-4) and post-TV introduction (age 7-8) study was conducted by Gunter, Charlton, Coles and Panting (2000). Their study results show that the effects (positives and negatives) are usually according to the gender of the child. A more antisocial behavior was witnessed in the boys after the introduction of the TV whereas the girls social behavior was unaffected. Both of the genders however did not display any inter-gender difference. The researchers saw that cartoon viewing was highly linked to pre-TV antisocial behavior and post-TV neuroticism levels. This did not change even when the viewing of violent acts was controlled thus proving that the presence of any nonviolent fraction had an effect on the unruly children. Watching cartoons was also related to decrease in the level of anxiety among children. The minds, values, thinking styles, and even social behavior are continuously developing at early age. Due to this it can be greatly affected by the elements present in the life of the child. They are susceptible to the information conveyed through television, and it may cause a long-term effect.As their views and perceptions are not developed yet they cannot distinguish between the frankness and the made-up stuff (Team headed by Baron, 2001). The paper also mentions that almost two-third of the programmes that are aired contain violent acts of some sort, out of which most shows are for children. It would have been a learning experience if the bad computerized tomographys are punished severely, but at clips they are set free without punishment and violence is shown as part of a glamorized world.According to APA (2004) by viewing violent behavior repeatedly children can become immune towards the pain and suffering of others, at the equal time they can also become fearful of the world around them. This proves that it is not necessary that the depiction of the violent acts can cause harm in more than one ways. Children can also become stressed, depressed, or pessimistic due to the negativity being imposed. They might start judging people and world as a bad place which has nothing to offer but pain and misery to the innocent people.Hussain (2007) says tha t the exposure to violence and the glory of bad guy makes children start to portray aggressive and violent behavior assuming that it is socially accepted and normal. Viewing of television has also been known to cause Attention deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), which is described as inattentiveness, lack of impulse control, and hyperactivity. ADHD has been known to cause problems in learning and educational field. Television watching can also have a negative impact on the health of a child (Team headed by Baron, 2001).It can lead to a belief that flavour like actors and models is beauty thus taking away the innocence of a child. This has really negative effects on females who start developing body concept and self-image and start dieting at a very early age. another(prenominal) social disadvantage is the division that this body image will cause amongst the children. At a very early age they will start distinguishing their peers as fat, skinny, chubby, beautiful and ugly and th is trait will strengthen as they grow older. Another problem related to health and social issues is that of versedity as mentioned by CPS (2003).Children hear the word sex on television for the first time rather than from their health care provider or parents. It has taken the role of the sex educator. Movies, shows, and even kids cartoon characters are shown as involved in sexual acts. Children are led to believe that it is normal and risk-free, and everybody does it. This has lead to increasing number of sexually active individuals than ever. Strasburger (1995) has selected the sexuality related data in a shelve which shows the influence of television on the sexual acts at early age.

Last Sacrifice Chapter Twenty-three

THE FEW SECONDS OF SILENCE that followed seemed to stretch appear to eternity. Everyone was confused, each for tot all toldy different reasons. Jills initial surprise had been laced with excitement, scarcely as she st bed around from face to face, her smile faded and faded until she looked as bewildered as the rest of us.Whats going on? asked a new phonate. Moments later, Emily Mastrano appeared beside her daughter. Emily glanced at me and Sydney with curiosity and then gasped when she saw the third member of our group. Sonya Emily jerked Jill back, her face filled with panic. Emily wasnt keep backian-fast, only I admired her responsiveness.Emily ? Sonyas voice was very small, on the verge of cracking. It its me truly me Emily tried to tug the man inside as headspring n constantlytheless stopped when she got a good look at Sonya. Like anyone else, Emily had to ac receiveledge the obvious. Sonya had no Strigoi features. Plus, she was out in broad daylight. Emily faltered an d opened her mouth to speak, hardly her lips couldnt quite manage it. She finally glowering to me.Rose whats going on?I was affect that she would regard me as an authority, some(prenominal) because wed only met once and because I honestly wasnt reliable what was going on either. It took me a few attempts to set my voice. I appreciate I remember we should come inside Emilys gaze fell back on Sonya. Jill tried to push forward to see what all the drama was roughly, but Emily continued blocking the door, still not totally convinced it was safe. I couldnt blame her. At last, she gave a slow nod and stepped away to give us access.Sydneys look flicked toward the car, w here(predicate) Victor, Robert, and Dimitri were waiting. What virtually them? she asked me.I hesitated. I wanted Dimitri to be with me to drop the bombshell, but Emily might only be able to lotle one matter at a clipping here. Moroi didnt move over to run in royal circles to know who Victor Dashkov was or w hat he looked like. Our trip to Las Vegas had been proof of that. I move my head at Sydney. They can wait.We settled into the familys living room and receiveed the guy whod answered the door was Emilys husband, John Mastrano. Emily went through the motions of move outering us beverages, like this was a perfectly ordinary visit, but the look on her face confirmed she was still in bruise. She handed us glasses of water like a robot, her face so pale she might throw off been Strigoi.John rested his hand on Emilys once she sat down. He kept giving us wary looks, but for her, he was all affection and concern. Whats going on? Emilys eyes were still dazed. I dont know. My cousin is here but I dont disc all over how She looked back and forth at me, Sydney, and Sonya. How is this possible? Her voice shook.It was Lissa, wasnt it? exclaimed Jill, who undoubtedly knew this relatives sordid history. She was understandably shockedand a little nervousbut excitement was number 1 to stir. I heard what happened with Dimitri. Its true, isnt it? Lissa can heal Strigoi. She save him. She saved Jill turned toward Sonya, enthusiasm wavering a little. I wondered what kind of stories shed heard rough Sonya. She saved you.Lissa didnt do it, I verbalize. Another, uh, spirit user did.Jills face lit up. Adrian? Id forgotten closely her crush on him.No manyone else. Its not important, I added hastily. Sonyas well, shes Moroi again. Confused, though. not quite herself.Sonya had been drinking in the sight of her cousin but now turned to me with a wry, knowing smile. I can speak for myself, Rose.Sorry, I said.Emily turned to Sydney and frowned. Theyd been introduced, but no more. Why are you here? Emily didnt have to say what she really meant. She wanted to know why a human was here. Are you a feeder?No exclaimed Sydney, jumping up from her spot beside me on the loveseat. I had never seen her filled with such outrage and disgust. Say that again, and Ill walk veritable(a) o ut out of here Im an Alchemist.She was met with blank stares, and I pulled Sydney back down. Easy, girl. I dont cipher they dont know what Alchemists are. Secretly, I was glad. When Id first discovered the Alchemists, Id tangle like I was the last soul in the world to find out. It was nice to know others were out of the loop too. Keeping things simple for now, I explained to Emily, Sydneys been helping us.Tears brimmed in Emilys blue eyes as she turned back to her cousin. Emily Mastrano was one of the most stunning women Id ever met. Even tears were beautiful on her. Its really you, isnt it? They brought you back to me. Oh God. Emily rose and walked over to hold her cousin in a deep embrace. Ive missed you so much. I cant believe this.I almost entangle like crying, too, but severely reminded myself that we had come with a mission. I knew how startling this all was. We had just turned the Mastrano familys world upside down and I was about to complicate things even more. I hated to do it. I wished they could have the time they needed to adjust, to celebrate the miracle of having Sonya back. But the clock at tapand on my life storywas ticking.We brought her I said at last. But theres another reason were here.I dont know what tone my voice conveyed, but Emily stiffened and stepped back from Sonya, sitting down beside her husband. Somehow, in that moment, I think she knew why we were here. I could see in her eyes that she was afraidas if shed been dreading this type of visit for years, as if shed imagined it a hundred times.I pushed forward. We know we know about Eric Dragomir.No, said Emily, her voice an odd mixture of harshness and desperateness. Her obstinate manner was remarkably similar to Sonyas initial refusal to aid us. No. We are not doing this. The instant Id seen Jill, the instant Id recognized those eyes, Id known we had the aright place. Emilys wordsmore importantly, her lack of a denialconfirmed it.We have to, I said. This is serious.Emily turned to Sonya. You promised You promised you wouldnt describeI didnt, said Sonya, but her face wore its earlier doubt.She didnt, I said firmly, hoping to reassure them both. Its hard to explain but she kept her promise.No, repeated Emily. This isnt happening. We cannot talk about this.What whats going on? demanded John. Anger kindled in his eyes. He didnt like seeing strangers upset his wife.I directed my words to Emily. We have to talk about this. Please. We need your help. We need her help. I gestured to Jill.What do you mean? asked Jill. That earlier eager spark was gone, cooled by her mothers reaction.Its about your I came to a stop. Id rushed into this, ready to find Lissas sibling her sister, we now knewwith little thought of the implications. I should have known this would be a secret from everyoneincluding the child in question. I hadnt considered what a shock this would be to her. And this wasnt just some random stranger. This was Jill. Jill. My friend. The girl who wa s like a little sister to all of us, the one we looked out for. What was I about to do to her? Looking at John, I realized things were worse still. Did Jill think he was her father? This family was about to be shaken to its core and I was responsible.Dont cried Emily, jumping up again. Get out All of you I dont want you hereMrs. Mastrano I began. You cant pretend this isnt real. You have to face it.No she pointed to the door. Get out Get out, or Ill Ill call the police Or the guardians You Realization flashed over her now that the initial shock of seeing Sonya had faded. Victor wasnt the only criminal Moroi would be on guard for. Youre a fugitive A murdererShe is not said Jill, leaning forward. I told you, Mom. I told you before it was a mistakeGet out, repeated Emily.send us away wont change the truth, I said, forcing myself to stay calm.Will someone please tell me what the hell is going on? Johns face was flushed red, angry and defensive. If I dont have an answer within thirty seconds, Im calling the guardians and the police.I looked over at Jill and couldnt speak. I didnt know how to say what I needed to, at least not tact wide of the marky. Sydney, however, didnt have that problem.Hes not your father, she said bluntly, pointing at John.There was a slight pause in the room. Jill almost looked disappointed, like shed hoped for more enkindle news.I know that. Hes my stepdad. Or, well, my dad as far as Im concerned.Emily sank back on the couch, burying her face in her hands. She seemed to be crying, but I was fairly sure she could jump up at any moment and call the authorities. We had to get through this fast, no matter how painful. Right. Hes not your biological father, I said, feel steadily at Jill. The eyes. How had I never noticed the eyes? Eric Dragomir is.Emily made a low keening sound. No, she begged. Please dont do this.Johns anger morphed back to the confusion that seemed to be so in fashion in this room. What?That no. Jill slowly shook her he ad. Thats impossible. My father was just just some guy who ran out on us.In some ways, that wasnt far from the truth, I supposed. It was Eric Dragomir, I said. Youre place of their family. Lissas sister. Youre I startled myself, realizing I had to look at Jill in a whole new way. Youre royal house.Jill was always full of energy and optimism, operating in the world with a naive hope and charm. But now her face was grim and sober, making her look older than her cardinal years. No. This is a pasquinade. My dad was a lowlife. Im not no. Rose, stop. Emily. I flinched at the sound of Sonyas voice, surprised to hear her speak. I was more surprised at her expression. Authoritative. Serious. Determined. Sonya was younger than Emily bywhat? Ten years, if I had to guess. But Sonya had fixed her cousin with a stare that made Emily look like a naughty child. Emily, its time to give this up. You have to tell her. For Gods sake, you have to tell John. You cant keep this buried anymore.Emily looked up and met Sonyas eyes. I cant tell. You know what will happen I cant do that to her.none of us know what will happen, said Sonya. But things will get worse if you dont take control now.After a long moment, Emily finally looked away, complete(a) at the floor. The sad, sad look on her face broke my heart. And not just mine.Mom? asked Jill, voice trembling. Whats happening? This is all a big mix-up, right?Emily sighed and looked up at her daughter. No. You are Eric Dragomirs daughter. Rose is right. John made a small, strangled sound but didnt interrupt his wife. She squeezed his hand again. What I told you both over the years it was true. Mostly. We did just have a brief relationship. Not a cheap one, exactly. But brief. She paused and glanced over at John this time, her expression softening. I told you He nodded. And I told you the past didnt matter to me. Never affected how I felt about you, about Jill. But I never imagined Me neither, she agreed. I didnt even know who he was when we first met. It was back when I lived in Las Vegas and had my first job, dancing in a show at the Witching Hour.I felt my eyes go wide. No one seemed to notice. The Witching Hour. My friends and I had been to that casino while hunting for Robert, and a man there had made a joke about Lissas father being interested in showgirls. I knew Emily worked in a Detroit ballet company now it was why they lived in Michigan. Never would I have guessed that shed started as a feather-and-sequin-clad dancer in a Las Vegas show. But why not? She would have had to start somewhere, and her tall, graceful frame would lend itself well to any type of dancing.He was so sweet and so sad, Emily continued. His father had just died, and hed come to sort of drown his sorrows. I understood how a remnant would devastate him, but now well, I really understand. It was another loss to his family. The numbers were dropping. She frowned thoughtfully and then shrugged. He was a good man, and I think h e truly loved his wife. But he was in a dark, low place. I dont think he was using me. He cared about me, though I doubt what happened between us would have in other circumstances. Anyway, I was fine with the way things ended and was content to move on with my life until Jill came along. I contacted Eric because I thought he should knowthough I made it clear I didnt expect anything from him. And at that point, knowing who he was, I didnt want anything. If Id let him, I think he would have acknowledged you, had a role in your life. Emilys eyes were on Jill now. But Ive seen what that world is like. apostrophize life is politics and lies and backstabbing. In the end, the only thing Id accept from him was money. I still didnt want that. I didnt want to feel like I was blackmailing himbut I did want to make sure your future was secure.I spoke without thinking. You dont really live like youre using that money. I regretted the words as in short as they were out. Their home was perfectly nice, hardly the depths of poverty. But it also didnt match the funds Id seen moved around in those bank accounts.Im not, said Emily. Its on hand for emergencies, of course, but mostly I set it all aside for Jill, for her future. To do whatever she wants.What do you mean? asked Jill, aghast. What kind of money are you talking about?Youre an heiress, I said. And royalty.Im not any of those things, she said. She was frantic now, looking around at all of us. She reminded me of a deer, ready to bolt. Theres a mistake. Youve all made some mistake.Emily stood up and walked over to Jills chair, kneeling on the floor before it. Emily clasped her daughters hand. It is all true. And Im sorry you have to find out like this. But it doesnt change anything. Our lives arent going to change. Well go on just like we have before.A range of emotions raced over Jills featuresespecially fear and confusionbut she leaned down and buried her face against her mothers articulatio humeri in acceptance. Okay. It was a touching moment, and again, I almost felt like crying. Id had my own share of family drama and parental issues. Like before, I wanted the Mastranos to have this momentbut they couldnt.You cant, I told them. You cant go on like before. Jill Jill has to go to Court.Emily jerked away from Jill and stared at me. Only a second ago, Emily had been full of grief and distress. Now, I saw intense anger and ferocity. Her blue eyes were stormy, fixing me with a lemonlike glare. No. She is not going there. She is never going there.Jill had already visited Court before, but both Emily and I knew that I wasnt referring to some casual sightseeing trip. Jill had to go with her true identity. Well maybe true wasnt the right word. Illicit royalty wasnt part of her nature, at least not yet. She was who shed always been, but her name had changed. That change had to be acknowledged, and the Moroi Court would be shaken.She has to, I urged. The Courts getting corrupted, and the Dragomir family has to play its part to help fix things. Lissa has no power alone, not without a family quorum. All the other royals theyre trampling her. Theyre going to push laws that wont help any of us.Emily still knelt by the chair, as though shielding Jill from my words. And thats exactly why Jill cant go. Its why I wouldnt let Eric acknowledge her. I dont want Jill involved. That place is poison. Tatianas murder is proof. Emily paused and gave me a sharp look, reminding me that I was the chief suspect. Apparently we werent past that yet. All those royals theyre vicious. I dont want Jill turning into one of them. I wont let her turn into one of them.Not all royals are like that, I argued. Lissas not. Shes trying to change the system.Emily gave me a bitter smile. And how do you think the others feel about her reform? Im sure there are royals who are happy to see her silencedroyals who wouldnt like to see her family reemerge. I told you Eric was a good man. Sometimes I dont think its a coinci dence their family has died out.I gaped. Thats ridiculous. But I suddenly wasnt so sure.Is it? Emilys eyes were on me, as though guessing my doubts. What do you think theyd do if another Dragomir came forward? The tidy sum who oppose Vasilisa? What do you think theyd do if only one person stood between them and her familys power?Her implications were shocking yet, I knew they werent impossible. Glancing over at Jill, I felt an empty, sinking feeling in my stomach. What would I be subjecting her to? Sweet, innocent Jill. Jill wanted adventure out of life and could still barely talk to guys without blushing. Her desire to learn to fight was half-youthful impulse and half-instinct to defend her plenty. Stepping into the royal world could technically help her people toothough not in a way shed ever expected. And it would mean getting involved with the dark and sinister nature that sometimes filled the Court.Emily seemed to read my silence as agreement. A mix of triumph and relaxati on crossed her face, all of which vanished when Jill suddenly spoke up.Ill do it.We all turned to stare. Thus far, Id been regarding her with pity, thinking of her as a victim. Now, I was startled at how intrepid and resolved she looked. Her expression was still underscored with a little fear and shock, but there was a steel in her Id never seen before.What? exclaimed Emily.Ill do it, said Jill, voice steadier. Ill help Lissa and and the Dragomirs. Ill go with Rose back to Court.I decided mentioning the myriad difficulties of me getting anywhere near Court wasnt important just then. Honestly, I had reached a point where I was playing all of this by ear, though it was a relief to see Emilys fury shifted away from me.You will not Im not permit you near there.You cant make this choice for me cried Jill. Im not a child.And youre certainly not an adult, retorted Emily.The two began arguing back and forth, and soon John jumped in to support his wife. In the midst of the family bickerin g, Sydney leaned toward me and murmured, I bet you never thought the hardest part of finding your savior would be getting her mom to let her stay out past curfew. The unfortunate part about her joke was that it was kind of true. We needed Jill, and I certainly hadnt envisioned this complication. What if Emily refused? Clearly, keeping Jills heritage a secret was something shed been pretty adamant about for a while say, like, fifteen years. I had a feeling Jill wouldnt be beyond running away to Court if it came down to that. And I wouldnt be beyond helping her.Once more, Sonya jumped into the conversation unexpectedly. Emily, didnt you hear me? This is all going to happen eventually, with or without your consent. If you dont let Jill go now, shell go next week. Or next year. Or in five years. The point is, it will happen.Emily sank back against the chair, face crumpling. No. I dont want this.Sonyas pretty face turned bitter. Life, unfortunately, doesnt seem to care what we want. op erate now while you can actually stop it from being a disaster.Please, Mom, begged Jill. Her jade Dragomir eyes regarded Emily with affection. I knew Jill might indeed disobey and run offbut she didnt want to, not if she didnt have to.Emily stared into the distance, long-lashed eyes vacant and defeated. And although she was standing in the way of my plans, I knew she did it out of legitimate love and concerntraits that had credibly drawn Eric to her.Okay, said Emily at last. She sighed. Jill can gobut Im going too. You arent facing that place without me.Or me, said John. He still seemed bewildered but was determined to support his wife and stepdaughter. Jill regarded them both with gratitude, reminding me again that Id just turned a functional family dysfunctional. Emily and John coming with us hadnt been part of my plans, but I couldnt blame them and didnt see what harm theyd cause. Wed need Emily anyway to tell everyone about Eric.Thank you, I said. Thank you so much.John eyed me. We still havent dealt with the situation that theres a fugitive in our home.Rose didnt do it That fierceness was still in Jill. It was a setup.It was. I hesitated to speak my next words. Probably by the people opposing Lissa.Emily paled, but I felt the need for honesty, even if it reaffirmed her fears. She took a steadying breath. I believe you. Believe that you didnt do it. I dont know why but I do. She almost smiled. No, I do know why. Its because of what I said before, about those vipers at Court. Theyre the ones who do this kind of thing. Not you.Are you sure? asked John uneasily. This mess with Jill is bad enough without us housing a criminal.Im certain, said Emily. Sonya and Jill trust Rose, and so I do. Youre all welcome to stay here tonight since we can hardly head out to Court right now.I opened my mouth to say we most certainly could leave right now, but Sydney elbowed me sharply. Thank you, Mrs. Mastrano, she said, summoning up that Alchemist diplomacy. That would be g reat.I repressed a scowl. Time was still pressing on me, but I knew the Mastranos were entitle to make some preparations. It was probably better to travel in the daytime too. A rough check of my mental map made me think we could do the whole drive back to Court in one day. I nodded in agreement with Sydney, resigning myself to a sleepover at the Mastrano house. Thanks. We appreciate it. Suddenly, something occurred to me, summoning back Johns words. This mess with Jill is bad enough without us housing a criminal. I gave Emily as convincing and reassuring a smile as I could muster. We, um, also have some friends with us waiting out in the car

Online vs traditional classrooms Essay

Online classes and conventional classes are both great options for obtaining a college education. They excite a common goal of helping school-age childs reach their educational goals. either path the scholarly person decides to take has its positive and negative aspects. The three biggest areas to consider when making the decision between online or traditional classes are the expenses, convenience or ease of accessibility, and the communication between students and instructors. Both online and traditional classes offer students an education, which is very substantial part of being successful in lifespan. Expense is one of the biggest aspects of both online classes and traditional classes that should be considered when continuing your education. Online classes cost considerably less in tuition when a student completes a degree that is only online. However, online classes require you to have access to a computer and the internet at all times. There is no housing included, such a s a room in a dormitory, so the student has to pay rent or mortgage and all the utilities. Books are available in a hard hazard or e-book, which cost to a greater extent or less the same. Traditional classes can have an extremely high tuition, especially if it is at a university instead of a community college. In a traditional classes the student either pays to live on campus in a dormitory, or you rent off campus.If the student lives off campus, you spend money on gas, driving back and forth to campus. The car then has to have more maintenance which in turn cost more money. Depending on the students financial situation cost should be considered when choosing between online or traditional classes.Online and traditional classes are very different when it comes to convenience or the ease of accessibility. Online classes have twenty-four hour availability. A student can schedule the school work needed around their personal life, whether its a job, family, or personal time. This conven ience can make life easier to balance, or it can make things harder. If the student procrastinates they will get behind in their school work. The work load for online classes can be more penetrate out, and they have the option to take test inline as long as they are submitted by the due date. The online school system can offer blink of an eye feedback on a test because the computer grades it when you submit it.Onlinedegrees can usually be completed in a shorter amount of time because the online classrooms can get more students at one time. Students also have a chance to obtain a degree in a program that may non be available in a school in their area. Traditional classes offer the stability of a more structured schedule. In a traditional class you may have a larger work load because of homework due daily instead of weekly. In traditional classes attendance is required which can be difficult for a student working a full time job, or having other matters they have to attend to. A ccessibility is an important aspect a student should consider when choosing between the two types of classes. Whether in an online or traditional classes, communication between the student and instructor is important. Online classes require students to fleet with the instructor and other students by e-mail or in an online forum. In order to be successful the student has to have working knowledge of a computer and know how to search for answers. When a student has to ask a question they may not be able to get the answer quickly, which may cause them to fall behind. Having to rely on e-mails to communicate doesnt give the student a chance to have personal contact. When a student is fragmented or having a hard time the personal contact with an instructor can be the best way to get help. Students also have more interaction with other students in a traditional classroom which teaches better communication skills.A college degree can be obtained by taking traditional or online classes.So me students take a combination of both to get the degree. Students have to consider their lifestyles and personalities when considering what type of classes to take. Some important things to look at when deciding what tolerant of classes to take are expense, convenience, and communication. Since every student is different there really isnt an easy answer, both offers great ways to continue somebodies education.

Management and Entrepreneurship Development

topic Institute for lessened Industries Extension Training (NISIET) Training Institutions / affectionatenesss India field Institute of weakened exertion Extension Training (nisiet) (An organisation of the Ministry of SSI, Govt. of India) Yousufguda, HYDERABAD- vitamin D 045 (INDIA) Phone +91-40-23608544-218 / 23608316-217 Fax +91-40-23608547 / 23608956 / 23541260 Cable SIETINSTITUTE, Hyderabad Website www. nisiet. org www. nisiet. gov. in www. nisiet. com Welcome to ni-msme Golden Jubilee Year 2012 50 Years in Service of MSME (1962- 2012) Shri Vayalar Ravi Honorable Minister i-msme, since its inception in 1960 by the regimen of India, has taken gigantic strides to become the premier institution for the promotion, cultivation and modernization of the SME firmament. An autonomous arm of the Ministry of little, Sm exclusively and Medium enterprises (MSMEs), the Institute strives to strive its avowed objectives through a gamut of operations ranging from discipline, consul tancy, investigate and education, to extension and breeding services. A sum of money of justice It was in 1984 that the UNIDO had recognized SIET as an institute of meritorious performance chthonian its Centres of Excellence Scheme to extend aid.Subsequently, it was also accorded theme billet and SIET Institute became nisiet in the same year. To cope with the precut of globalization, the disposal of India has enacted Micro, Sm only, Medium green lights study (MSMED) Bill in the Parliament which was commenced on 2nd October 2006. Accordingly, the institute also has emerged as an apex organisation by changing its structure as swell up as name as ni-msme from 11th April 2007. Our Charter The primary objective was to be the trainer of trainers. Today, with the technological development and ever-changing market place scenario, our involvement has undergone changes too.From universe merely trainers we have widened our scope of activities to consultancy, research, extension and information services. The arrival of IT has only broadened our horizons. The Leap Forward Dramatic increase in long-term and diploma programmes. crook new corners in Information applied science. Spotlighting of topical issues through conferences, seminars, etc. Greater attention to need based programmes. Shift towards client driven approach and innovational discussions. Programme evaluation. Emphasis on research publications.SEDME (Small Enterprises breeding, Management, Extension) ledger SEDME Journal breathed its first in 1974, when the academic community of the institute felt the need for a forum through which they could express and exchange their thoughts and opinions on small endeavor related policies, programmes, etc. Since then, it has evolved into a healthy journal of acknowledged quality in the domain of small enterprise, attracting contributors and users not only from every corner of the country but also from other growing as well as demonstrable countries.SEDME Journal has been bringing out exclusive theme focussed numbers (IPR, EDP, Rural industrialisation, pay, etc. ) and is widely sought after by researchers, practitioners and promotional bodies come to with small enterprise one way or the other. The editorial team of Journal take pride in stating that during the massive quarter century of the Journals existence, it has been a sui generis journal dedicated to small enterprise, and continues to maintain that premier position. The annual inland subscription for Journal is Rs. 600 and the overseas subscription is US $ 150.In case of desiring airmail or speed post delivery, US $ 20 may be added. For further information regarding Journal, please contact Editor SEDME Journal, ni-msme. Yousufguda. Hyderabad 500045, India. Editor V Vishwas Rao Annual subscription Rs. 600 (India), US $ 150 (Foreign) Contributors Contributors to SEDME Journal include policy makers, researchers, academicians, financiers, executives and other officials associa ted with MSME promotional activities. A random selection from the back volumes would show contributors from countries as far apart as Bangladessh, Canada, Korea, UK and Iran.Contributors interested in publishing their articles in SEDME Journal may please note the following 1. Please ensure that the articles are analytically perceptive or empirically elucidative, at least 2000 words in length, typed in double space on one side only, and are sent in duplicate. 2. In cases where the article is sent in a floppy disk or through e-mail, please ensure that the article comes through as a archive attachment in Microsoft Word, that the file name(s) are given for all parts of the article, and one hard copy is sent through regular mail. . Please school that the sources are clearly cited for all the ideas, concepts, graphics and other information, and that the citations are complete in all respects. This helps avoid processing delays. 4. Please enclose a solution stating that the article is y our original effort prepared for SEDME Journal and has not been published or pending publication in any other periodical/ newspaper publisher/magazine, etc. , signed by all the authors. 5. The copyright of the selected articles shall rest with SEDME Journal. 6.Articles which are sent for theme specials, and not included therein, may be published later, in due course. Forging Ahead Over the years the Institute has gained immense experience and in effect(p)ise in the areas of entrepreneurship development, technology, forethought, extension and information services. ni-msmes inherent message to innovate together with its top-class understructure has enabled the institute to excel in its endeavours towards micro and small enterprise promotion. From the time of inception, ni-msme has been providing unstintied support to small and medium ndustries and has evolved to be the outdo in offering services like research, consultancy, information, prep and extension to not only enterprises but also to concerned development agencies. The knowledge driven and vaporizable economy of the present days is posing greater challenges to MSMEs. Further, globalisation is threatening the survival of MSMEs in the organization of tough competition. ni-msme has always been conceiving specialised need-based programmes, workshops and seminars in mental strain with the changing policy and stinting situation.These activities have been primarily aimed at the industry and supporting systems so as to enable them to deal with aspects that directly or indirectly affect the success of enterprise. In the present era of globalisation, ni-msmes programmes are designed to have universal relevance. Through these specialised programmes, ni-msmehas been successfully culture the entrepreneurs to face challenges help them cope with competition and gain the much-needed competitive edge in the global scenario. ni-msme has broken geographical barriers by extending its expertise and services to othe r developing and developed nations. i-msme has had profitable interface with several international agencies like CFTC (Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation), UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation), UNDP (United Nations reading Programme), Ford initiation, GTZ of Ger umteen, USAID (United States Agency for internationalist culture), and ILO (International Labour Organisation), to name a few. Achievements Spectrum Conducted a Pioneering Research Study in Achievement pauperization in association with Prof. David McClellands Kakinada Experiment (1964). Organised the source Executive Laboratory in India (1964) . Conducted the First International Training Programme in SME cultivation (1967). Developed the Concept of Appropriate Technologies in Indian manufacture (1969). Established a Specialised Information Centre, the Small Enterprises interior(a) Documentation Centre (SENDOC) (1971). Assisted The Tanzanian governance in Establishing a SIDO (1974). Established a Branch Regional Centre at Guwahati (1979). Attained National Status and Renamed as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) (1984). lively Case Studies and Video Documentaries on S&T Entreprenuers (1986). Developed The First Computerised Software Package on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987) projection Appraisal and military rating (CAPE) (1996). UNESCO prexy (1997). Achieved Self sufficiency (2001-02). B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria, Sudan, Cameroon and Ghana (2000 2007). National workshop on MSME Cluster Development conducted in smart Delhi (2008). International Programmes for Bank of Ghana (2006-08) All-time record of 28 international Executive Development Programmes, 5 of them specially for African countries (2007-08) Outreach programme for African women executives as a fore-runner to India-Africa Forum Summit (2008) International Programmes for Banglade sh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) (2008-09) Organisation Spectrum Functional Spectrum Pioneer Training Programmes ni-msme has initiated several specialised and tailor-made training programmes, the first of their kind in the cream of MSME. A few of them are Management Development Programmes. Programme on Area Development. Programme on feasibleness Survey and Analysis. Programme on Industrial Estates. Programme for Young Engineers and Technocrats. Vertically Integrated Course on orientation through Small Industry Development for IAS / IES Officers. Effective Development Programmes for Rationalised Employees of State and Central PSUs. Exclusive Programmes for International Executives of Various Themes on Regular Basis. Enterprise Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan administrative Officials. Sensitivity Training in Production Planning and Control. Faculty Development Programmes. Programmes on Cluster Development. Programmes on Cluster Development. Programmes on Focused Themes for Executives of wedlock E Outstanding Research and Consultancy Studies ni-msme has been instrumental in conducting several outstanding research / consultancy studies that include. Development of Pochampad Region (1972). Identification of Growth Centres in Vidharbha Region (1973). Industrial capableness Studies of Different Regions in the Country (since 1974). Impact / military rating Studies on Major Government Programmes and Schemes such as TYRSEM, DWCRA, PMRY, SEEUY, CMEY, ADARANA, IIDs, SHGs, WDCs, Development missionary poster (Handlooms), Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), and NBCFDC. Policy Research Studies (since 1978). forwardness of Check-list for Diagnosis of Sick Units and Case Studies (from 1981). District Development and Regional Planning Studies. Techno-economic Feasibility Studies in Textiles and Handicrafts Sector of Arunachal Pradesh (2001). Study on Identification of Projects for Specific imaging Base in Northe astern Region (2003). Vision Document for Empowering Women in Mauritius (2003). Project Profiles on SMEs for Mauritius (2004). Information Requirements of SMEs (2005). Hand-holding, Monitoring, Implementation of MSME Clusters (2004-07). Hand-holding of SFURTI, Handlooms, Handicrafts Clusters (2006 onwards). Evaluation Study of Ongoing Schemes of NBCFDC in the State of Tamilnadu (2008) Evaluation of NBCFDC Schemes in the Union Territory of Puducherry, Goa and Kerala (2009-10) Evaluation of the Functioning of Innovative and Experimental Programmes on rails run by Bhagavatula Charitable Trust (BCT) under Rajiv Vidhya Mission, Andhra Pradesh in Visakhapatnam District (2009-10) Evaluation Study for Bringing More Effectiveness in Implementation of the Schemes under AHVY sponsored by the Office of Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. f India, raw(a) Delhi (2009-10) Preparation of Training Modules for Ministry of Housing & Urban meagerness Alleviation, Govt . of India (2009-10) Execution of Research Studies Sponsored by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India (2009-10) Excellence Our Forte ni-msme has made many memorable contributions to enterprise development both nationally and internationally. MSMEs and executives from all over the world have been taking the advantage of the programmes, workshops and seminars on contemporary themes organised at ni-msme.Some of the Institutes cornerstone interventions like the first international programme (1967) conducted with assistance from UNIDO Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987) the UNESCO Chair(1997) International Workshop in Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (PROSME) (1998) Export Production small towns (1999) Trade Related Development Programme for Women (TREAD) (2000) Entrepreneurship Development in the sassy Millennium (2001) Training of Mothers of pincer Labour in Income Generation Skills Under baby bird Labour Eradica tion Project by ILO (2001) B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria , Sudan, Ghana, reflect the national and international acclaim. nimsme has gained through its uprightness and commitment, by blending the best of the traditional with the smart, modern day techniques, world-class facilities and continuously exploring and inventing custom-based methodologies. ni-msme is not a mere solutions provider but is evolving as a value-added partner. The infrastructure and facilities at the ni-msme campus are at par with international standards.They reflect the natural excellence that qualifies every activity and attribute of the Institute. ni-msme has embraced technology in all its functions to exert pace with the tenor of the times and to make its services more efficient. State-of-the-art facilities, pleasant environs, proven methodologies supported by modern academic infrastructure, go through faculty, expert consultants and resource persons and above all, dec ades of experience complemented by a modern and creative outlook, have given a new definition to the standard of services provided by the Institute. It is now recognised as being among the best training, research and extension facilities in the world. phalluss of Governing Council S. No. Name and Address Honble Minister of MSME Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi one hundred ten 011Chairman 2 monument to the Government of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional deposit & Development Commissioner (MSME) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India, Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110 011 particle 4Additional Secretary & Financial Adviser, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Administration) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of IndiaUdyog Bh avan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 7Chairman, Coir Board Coir House, M. G. Road Ernakulam, Kochi 682 016, KeralaMember 8Chairman & Managing Director Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) SIDBI Tower, 15, Ashok Marg, Lucknow 226001Member 9Chief Executive Officer khaddar & Village Industries Commission Gramodaya, 3, Irla Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400 056Member 10Chairman and Managing Director The National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate New Delhi 110 020Member 1Director Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (Via Ahmedabad Airport & Indira Bridge) P. O. Bhat 382 428, Dist. Gandhinagar, GujaratMember 12The Director public In-chargeNational Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad 500 045Member-Secretary Members of Executive Committe e S. No. Name and Address 1Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Chairman 2Additional Secretary & Development Commissioner (MSME)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad RoadNew Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional Secretary & Financial AdviserMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 4Joint Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6The Director General In-charge National Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad 500 045Member-Secretary Our Clientele International Organizations UNESCO UNDP Ford Foundation GTZ USAID UNIDO ILO RITES BSIC CFTC Agricultural Development Projects of Nigera SIDO of Tanzania Bank of Ghana, ARB Apex Central Government Ministries/ Departments Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises DC (MSME) KVIC Coir Board NSIC Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Department of Public Enterprises Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region DONER North Eastern Council North East Development Finance Corporation North East Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation Ministry of Food butt oning Industries Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of Finance Department of stinting Affairs Ministry of Labour and Employment Directorate General of Employment & Training (DGET) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Personnel and Training Ministry of learning and Technology Department of Science and Technology Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) National S&T Entrepreneurship Development Board Ministry of Textiles DC (Handlooms) DC (Handicrafts) Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana(SJSRY) Ministry of Rural Development Department of Rural Development DRDA/ZPs Ministry of Defence Directorate General of Quality potency Directorate of Planning and Coordination Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) Ministry of Women and Child Development Department of Women and Child Development Ministry of physician and Industry Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Department of Commerce Directorate General of Foreign Trade Ministry of Planning Planning Commission Ministry of Environment & Forests Ozone cellMinistry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MPLAD School of Enterprise Development (SE D) It is one of the origin scholastic/intellectual departments of ni-msme, continued with additional responsibilities in the globalised market environment. MSME development generally refers to facilitating progress in the economy and generation of employment by enhancing problem development services, and establishing a conducive legal, regulatory and policy environment. In this context, the School of Enterprise Development SED acts as a catalyst for dynamic, integrated change in Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) sector, looking strategically and optimistically towards the future challenges.The activities of the SED include programme evaluation studies, research projects, feasibility studies, potential surveys, rural enterprise promotion, backward area development, infrastructure development programme and project effectuation for central and state authoritiess, that advances an innovative and enterprise growth in the global and national scenario. On the international front, the SE D provides a bridge between theory and practice of small business and MSE development by guiding/training the executives of MSME in formulation, development, implementation and evaluation of various facets of enterprise policy, with a focus to make the MSE sector more competitive in the global economic scene.Besides imparting training to the officials, the experienced and well-known faculty of the school focus on economic surveys in the nature of diagnosing the industrial potential, networking with national and international agencies, and other research studies pertaining to government programmes / projects and impact studies. The School of Enterprise Development functions through Centre for Enterprise Planning and Development (C-EPD), Centre for Policy Research (C-PR), National Resource Centre for Cluster Development (NRCD), ni-msme NGO Network (N-Cube) and Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell (EISC) in the areas of Cluster development, Employment Generation, and establishin g synergy with related departments, which of late became the concenters of excellence through focused attention for holistic development.School of Entrepreneurship and Extension (SEE) The school of Entrepreneurship and Extension is one of the crucial and premier wings of ni-msme. The main focus of the school is on training the Industrial Promotion Officers and Extension Officers on the entire gamut of entrepreneurship development. The greatest achievement of the school is the world famous Kakinada Experiment on Achievement Motivation conducted under the guidance of Prof. McClelland from Harvard University. The school also has the credit of developing SIET Integrated Model on entrepreneurship development which was used to train thousands of potential entrepreneurs from almost all states of India.Another noted achievement of the school is sensitivity training (laboratory for executive development. ) Currently the school activities include training of trainers in entrepreneurship deve lopment, curriculum development, skill development programmes, women entrepreneurship, counseling, motivating and retraining the voluntarily retired employees of State and Central PSUs and research projects. At the international level, the school takes up consultancy projects on setting up Entrepreneurship Development Institutes. It also organizes programmes on training Methods and Skills for Managers, Empowerment of Women through Enterprises and Capacity Building programmes for NGOs and Government personnel.Besides imparting training on Entrepreneurship Development, the school acts as a nodal agency in implementing Rajiv Gandhi Udhyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY) scheme of the Ministry of MSME for providing handholding support to prospective entrepreneurs. Core Competencies Entrepreneurship Development Training of trainers in Entrepreneurship Development Curriculum Development Training Techniques Women Empowerment Retraining and Rehabilitation of VR employees Evaluation of Government Pro grammes and Schemes on Entrepreneurship Development School of Enterprise Management (SEM) Genesis This is a well-established academic organ of ni-msme. There is a spate of changes sweeping the enterprises across the globe.The economic reforms inside the country with the attendant consequences, ever increasing competition, both global and local, fast pace of technological changes and a host of other factors necessitate basal reforms in the enterprise management practices. The practices clearly have to be cost-effective as well as simpler to adopt and adapt with the power to impinge all segments of the enterprise. This calls for a paradigm shift in raison detre of the enterprise itself. In tune with this, the erstwhile Industrial Management Division is re-engineered and re-christened as School of Enterprise Management (SEM) laying emphasis on management practices, intellectual property rights and management education. Core CompetenciesThe School is endowed with capabilities in the fo llowing areas and delivers through the instruments of training and consultancy, many a time customised to meet the requirements of client organisation, actively supported by research. The School functions with its full-fledged five centres viz. , Centre for Promotion of mod(a) Management Practices (C-PAMP), Centre for Logistics & Integrated Materials Systems (C-LAIMS), Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services (C-ICFS) and Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (C-IPR) and Centre for Environment Concerns (C-Eco). Marketing market survey and demand analysis trades, international trade and practices industrial marketing rural marketing marketing of agri-inputsManagement Training Methodologies role play small mathematical group activities in-plant studies management cases management simulations and games Productivity and Quality management of productivity total quality management Statistical quality control ISO 9000/14000 OHSAS HACCP / Six Sigma Finance human race reso urce management industrial relations human resources and systems ISO 9000/14000 OHSAS HACCP / Six Sigma Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) IP creation, commercialisation & management General Management Benchmarking Business Process Re-engineering Japanese Management Practices Performance contracts Strategic management ClienteleThe clientele include both government and non-governmental organisations such as Corporate sector PSUs and Private sector enterprises Entrepreneurs and owner-managers of SMEs Officials from ministries and departments of both central and state governments Banks and financial institutions Enterprise support agencies including VOs International agencies In addition, student focused part-time post-graduate diploma programmes in areas like export management, TQM and ISO 9000 and human resource management and systems are conducted. This endeavour also serves the cause of continuing executive education. Co-working and Collaborations TSEM works synergistically with o ther centres of the institute to design and deliver value-laden national to the customers.It also networks with other national and international institutions of good standing through collaborations to administer cost-effective, client-centred performance improvement capsules. The School also leverages the expertise available within different sectors of the economy to service sector-specific clients. Vision The Schools vision is to emerge and establish itself as a sui generis seat of learning in advanced management practices that enable promotion of performing enterprises. Mission The School envisages realisation of the above vision through its mission of promotion and propagation of advanced management practices that are low in cost of implementation, but are highly effective in results and cover all the activities of the enterprise.This is accomplished through undertaking the triadic activities of training, research and consultancy, both within the country and outside. Thus its ch arter mandates it to work towards enabling practices that are Enterprise-wide Low cost High impact Compass of Services and contour of Benefits SEM offers a wide range of services in the form of training interventions, capacity building through management consultancy and other knowledge-based services through employ research. The tangible benefits, in addition to the many intangibles, that flows from our school are Productivity-driven cost leadership Quality led competitiveness Customer-coupled market share Re-engineered organisational advantage Benchmark-based best practices School of Enterprise Information and Communication (SEIC) Genesis The School of Information and Communication (SEIC) is a well established unique knowledge hub of ni-msme in providing information services and ICT solutions through training to both the national and international MSME community. To strengthen the informational base of MSMEs in facing the global challenges led to the formation of School of Enterp rise Information and Communication (SEIC) laying emphasis on providing information services in varied forms and need based skill oriented Information Technology (IT) training using the latest technologies. Core competenciesThe school functions with its fully equipped sources of information and state-of-the-art infrastructure to meet the informational needs and ICT skill development training requirements of MSMEs, Government organisations, public and private sectors, NGOs, entrepreneurs, students, researchers etc. through its two Centres viz, Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre (SENDOC) and Centre for Communication and Information Technology (C-CIT). National WELCOME Presentation Director General, ni-msme Genesis Started as Central Industrial Extension Training Institute in New Delhi in 1960 on the good word of Working Group for III five year plan Shifted to Hyderabad in 1962 as a Government of India Society under the name Small Industry Extension Training (SIET) Institu teAttainment of National Status in 1984 and renamed as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) Emerged as a translucent institution for promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Renamed as National Institute for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) with enactment of MSMED Act,2006 Vision To become a global centre of excellence for creation, sustenance and growth of MSMEs Core Competency Enabling enterprise creation Capacity building for enterprise growth and sustainability Enhancing competitiveness under globalisation Creation, development and dissemination of enterprise knowledge Diagnostic and development studies for policy formulation Evaluation and impact studies for enterprise promotionEmpowering the underprivileged through enterprises Functional Spectrum Schools of Excellence School of Enterprise Development (SED) C-IPD Centre for Industrial Planning and Development C-PR Centre for Policy Research NRCD National Resource Centre fo r Cluster Development EISC Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell n-Cube ni-msme NGO Network School of Enterprise Management (SEM) C-PAMP Centre for Promotion of Advanced Management Practices C-ICFS Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services C-IPR Centre for Intellectual Property Rights C-LAIMS Centre for Logistics and Integrated Materials Systems C-ECO Centre for Environment Concerns Schools of ExcellenceSchool of Entrepreneurship & Extension (SEE) C-EIE Centre for Entrepreneurship and Industrial Extension C-CC Centre for Consultancy and Counseling WSC Womens Studies Cell EAC Employee Assistance Cell School of Enterprise Information & Communication (SEIC) C-CIT Centre for Communication and Information Technology SENDOC Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre LPC Live Projects Cell Members of Governing Council Union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Chairman Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of MSME Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser,Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Chairman, Coir Board Member Chairman & Managing Director, SIDBI Member Chief Executive Officer, Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) Member Members of Governing Council Members of Governing Council Members of Executive Committee Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of MSME, GOI Chairman Additional Secretary and DC (MSME), Ministry of MSME, GOI Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME MemberRepresentative of a State level Association of micro and small enterprises Nominated Member Representative of an Association of micro and small women Entrepreneurs Nominated Member Representative of an academic or training i nstitution dealing with management or entrepreneurship development Nominated Member Director General of the Institute Member-Secretary Major Achievements Pioneering study that led to First Entrepreneurship Model First Sensitivity Training Laboratory- Ford Foundation First International Programme on small industry in the country Programme for Young Engineers for the first time in the country insane asylum of SENDOC A National Information Centre for SMEs Partnership with UNIDO Industrial Estate & Regional Development Feasibility studies on modernisation of SSI First Study on identification of Growth Centres Major Achievements Establishing a Branch Regional Centre at GuwahatiAssisting in policy implication for establishing District Industries Centers Attainment of National status and renaming as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) Prepared Case Studies and Video Documentary on Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Orientation on Small Industry Development for IAS Officers The First Computerised Software Package Developed on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIM SIM) Major Achievements UNESCO Chair on SSI Policy Enterprises Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan Administrative Officials Refocusing Academic Centers in the place of departments B2B transactions with developing countriesCounseling, Retraining and redisposition programmes for rationalised employees of CPSUs Little Angles Project sponsored by International Labour Organisation (ILO) on eradication of child labours Establishment of a center on Cluster Development (NRCD) Major Achievements Enhancing faculty competencies through international training and studies Started educational programmes Organised National Conference Entrepreneurship in the New Millennium Attained self-sufficiency 2001-02 Upgradation of understructure services Policy Research Studies on various aspects of SMEs Entered into MoUs with International Agen cies All time high income of Rs. 1022. 76 lakh for the year 2006-07 Regrouping Centres & Cells under concept of School Renaming nisiet as ni-msme with effect from 11 April 2007 Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08)Identification of Product/Resource-specific Business in Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura Emergence of First Generation Women Entrepreneurs An Exploratory Study Additional Income Opportunities to the Families of Child Labour An ILO Project Study on Curriculum Models for Entrepreneurship Development under NEDB Scheme Diagnostic study of Crochet Lace Cluster at Narsapur, Andhra Pradesh Evaluation study of ongoing schemes of NBCFDC in Karnataka Evaluation of Micro Credit Schemes and Education Loan Schemes in Andhra Pradesh Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08) Achieving self-sufficiency through ni-msmes intervention for the societies of Girijan Cooperative Corporation Ltd. Andhra Pradesh Design of Project Profiles for SMEs in Mauritius for Sma ll and Medium Industries Development Organisation (SMIDO), Mauritius Development of 20 clusters in the country sponsored by DC(MSME) Micro Enterprise Mapping of Self-Help Groups in districts of Rajasthan State Competency Mapping of Indian SMEs for Global Promotion under NEDB Study on Impact of Government Incentives and Subsidies on the Industrial Development in Andhra Pradesh Promotion of self-employment activities among the Tribal Youth Preparation of Business Plan for Handicraft Clusters Cont. Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08 Integrated Handloom Cluster Development Mubarakpur Integrated Handloom Cluster Development BarabankiEvaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector Health Insurance Scheme Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector Integrated Handloom Training Project Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector 10% Rebate Scheme Study on Impact of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes Evaluation of EDI Scheme of Ministry of MSME Technical Services fo r Khadi and Village Industries Clusters Technical Services for Coir Clusters Hightlights2001-08 Attained self-sufficiency (2001-02) Recognition of Employees Assistance Cell as Nodal Agency for training and rehabilitation of rationalized employees of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) (2002) Providing Income Opportunities for the families of Child Labour in Previous E-Commerce and Bridging Digital Divide Telecom, Infrastructure and Access Next OECDlight 9714499671